Fibroids attract blood vessels and absorb blood like a sponge. During menstruation, this accumulated blood is released, leading to heavy bleeding that can extend beyond 7 days, necessitating frequent changes of pads and tampons. This excessive bleeding can be challenging to manage, often causing women to avoid public outings due to concerns about visible leaks. Fibroids located near the uterine cavity are particularly notorious for causing heavy bleeding. Additionally, if the uterus doesn't contract effectively, it may struggle to stop the bleeding.

Heavy bleeding resulting from uterine fibroids can lead to anemia, which is characterized by a deficiency of healthy red blood cells. Some fibroid types are more likely to cause significant bleeding than others. Thankfully, both fibroids and anemia can be treated to improve your quality of life.

Many women mistake fibroid-related pain for typical menstrual cramps, especially those with large uterine fibroids. Some may experience persistent abdominal pain that hinders movement and daily activities. Additionally, you may feel a heavy or pressured sensation in the lower abdomen, which can be more uncomfortable than painful. Large fibroids can press against surrounding organs, resulting in back pain, frequent urination, discomfort during intercourse, and constipation.

Frequent urination is a common bladder symptom associated with uterine fibroids. As fibroids grow, they can expand the uterus, applying pressure on the bladder and reducing its capacity. This may lead to a persistent and uncomfortable urge to urinate, causing you to seek out restrooms frequently, disrupt your sleep at night, or alter your plans to accommodate your needs.

Uterine fibroids can result in discomfort or pain during sex, which may be felt in specific positions or at certain times in the menstrual cycle. This discomfort can not only affect your physical health but also strain emotional relationships. If this symptom isn't mentioned by your doctor, be sure to bring it up during your consultation.

In addition to causing heavy and irregular bleeding, fibroids can also lead to other symptoms, including painful cramping in the abdomen and back. During menstruation, the uterus contracts to expel blood and the uterine lining. Prostaglandins, hormone-like substances, induce pain and inflammation during these contractions. Higher levels of prostaglandins, often linked to fibroids, can result in more intense and prolonged cramping. Additionally, 'retrograde' menstruation—where menstrual blood flows backward into the peritoneal cavity—can occur, further contributing to severe cramps and discomfort, as the blood is highly irritating to the area.